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Pembuatan 3D berbasis prompt dan gambar dapat menurunkan hambatan interaksi dalam pembuatan aset digital, namun kemajuan pada tingkat model belum memastikan apakah non-spesialis dapat menjalankan alur kerja penulisan yang lengkap. Penelitian ini merancang dan mengevaluasi prototipe interaksi manusia-AI berbasis web yang mengintegrasikan antarmuka React, layanan FastAPI, orkestrasi alur kerja ComfyUI, pemrosesan tugas asinkron, penyimpanan aset persisten, dan visualisasi 3D berbasis browser. Kami mengimplementasikan empat mode: Teks-ke-3D, Teks-ke-3D dengan ControlNet, Gambar Tunggal-ke-3D, dan Gambar Ganda-ke-3D. Evaluasi ini menggabungkan 14 skenario black-box yang diturunkan dari persyaratan, pemeriksaan kompatibilitas GLB lintas penampil di tiga lingkungan tampilan, 35 pekerjaan generasi yang diselesaikan, pengamatan berbasis tugas dengan tujuh peserta yang menyelesaikan 84 eksekusi tugas, tanggapan Skala Kegunaan Sistem (SUS) dari kelompok terpisah yang terdiri dari 12 mahasiswa, serta satu penilaian ahli terhadap implementasi dan kualitas keluaran. Ke-14 skenario fungsional tersebut menghasilkan hasil yang diharapkan, dan keluaran GLB yang diuji dapat dibuka di penampil terintegrasi, Blender, dan 3dviewer.net. Waktu penyelesaian rata-rata di sisi server adalah 66,15 detik; uji Kruskal–Wallis eksploratori menunjukkan adanya perbedaan di antara distribusi beban kerja yang diamati (H(3) = 10,52, p = 0,015, ε² = 0,243), namun tidak mendukung klaim kausal atau perbandingan kecepatan berpasangan. Semua tugas yang diamati akhirnya diselesaikan, tetapi hanya 61 dari 84 eksekusi (72,62%) yang bersifat mandiri; Tugas 5 (masuk ke Studio) dan 10 (menemukan model yang dihasilkan di My Projects) masing-masing memerlukan bantuan bagi lima dari tujuh peserta. Nilai rata-rata SUS adalah 81,67 (SD = 9,25; 95% CI [75,79, 87,55]), sedangkan kualitas model yang dihasilkan mendapat skor 3,50/5 dari ahli diagnostik. Penelitian ini menyajikan arsitektur pembuatan konten kolaboratif manusia-AI dari awal hingga akhir serta logika evaluasi multidimensi yang memisahkan kesesuaian fungsional, waktu penyelesaian implementasi, kompatibilitas antar-penampil, interaksi yang diamati, kegunaan yang dirasakan, dan kualitas hasil. Temuan ini mendukung kelayakan pembuatan konten 3D generatif berbasis web yang mudah diakses sekaligus mengidentifikasi kendala terkait keterlihatan dan kualitas geometris.
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Author Contributions
Ray Fadly Hadi: Conceptualization; Methodology; Software; Investigation; Data Curation; Formal Analysis; Visualization; Writing – Original Draft. Randi Proska Sandra: Supervision; Validation; Writing – Review & Editing. Sri Rejeki: Writing – Review & Editing. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the expert for validation and the Informatics Study Program, Department of Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, for academic and technical support.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 14Pendanaan
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-forprofit sectors.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 14Konflik Kepentingan
The authors declare no competing interests.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 14Ethics Approval
The study involved non-sensitive software-usability activities. According to the institutional requirements reported in the research record, formal ethical clearance was not required for this evaluation; participation was voluntary, and no medical, biological, or psychological intervention was conducted.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 14Informed Consent
Informed consent was obtained from all participants before task-based usability testing or completion of the System Usability Scale, as applicable.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 14Consent for Publication
Not applicable. The article does not report identifiable participant images or confidential personal records.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 14Ketersediaan Data
Aggregate evaluation results are reported in the article. The corresponding author may provide anonymized participant-level records, de-identified job measurements, and supporting system documentation upon reasonable request, subject to institutional and privacy requirements.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 14Generative AI Disclosure
During manuscript preparation, the authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI) and Claude (Anthropic) for language refinement. These tools were not used to generate, modify, or analyze the research data, usability scores, performance measurements, or expert assessments. All AI-assisted text was checked against the thesis record and cited sources, and the authors accept full responsibility for the final manuscript. Preprint and Prior Dissemination Statement This article is derived from the first author's undergraduate thesis and is not under consideration elsewhere.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 15Referensi
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Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Ray Fadly Hadi, Randi Proska Sandra, Sri Rejeki