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Los registros fragmentados de orientación escolar pueden oscurecer los historiales de los casos, entorpecer el seguimiento y debilitar la comunicación con las familias. Este estudio desarrolló y evaluó de forma formativa SiKS, un sistema integrado de información sobre orientación estudiantil basado en la web que conecta las actividades de orientación mediante un acceso basado en roles y notificaciones automáticas a través de WhatsApp. Los requisitos se recabaron mediante entrevistas con el subdirector de Asuntos Estudiantiles y un orientador escolar de un instituto de formación profesional de Indonesia, complementadas con un análisis del flujo de trabajo existente. Desarrollado utilizando el modelo «Waterfall», Laravel y MySQL, el prototipo vincula las solicitudes de cita, la programación, los registros de orientación, las acciones de seguimiento, las convocatorias a los padres, la elaboración de informes y los registros de notificaciones entre seis roles de usuario. La evaluación incluyó 50 escenarios de «caja negra» derivados de los requisitos y pruebas de aceptación por parte de los usuarios con 20 participantes representativos de los distintos roles tras una demostración guiada. Tres validadores revisaron el instrumento de 15 ítems, otorgándole 211 de los 225 puntos posibles (93,78 %). Los 50 escenarios funcionales ejecutados produjeron los resultados esperados. Las puntuaciones de aceptación de los usuarios ascendieron a un total de 1 336 de 1 500 puntos (89,07 %), con puntuaciones por ítem que oscilaron entre el 82 % y el 96 %. El atractivo de la interfaz, la idoneidad para su uso en el ámbito escolar, la accesibilidad de los menús y la confidencialidad percibida en el marco del acceso basado en roles recibieron las valoraciones más altas; la claridad de los informes, la impresión y la descarga, así como los servicios de notificación, recibieron valoraciones comparativamente más bajas. El estudio presenta un diseño específico para el contexto que vincula la continuidad de los casos, el acceso diferenciado y la comunicación desencadenada por eventos dentro de un único flujo de trabajo de orientación. Los resultados respaldan la conformidad funcional en las condiciones probadas y las percepciones iniciales favorables de los usuarios. Las pruebas dirigidas por los desarrolladores, el entorno de un único centro educativo y la exposición guiada limitan las inferencias sobre el uso independiente, la adopción sostenida, la protección de la privacidad y los resultados del asesoramiento.
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Author Contributions
Welly Aryatama: Conceptualization; Methodology; Software; Investigation; Data Curation; Writing – original draft. Syukhri: Conceptualization; Supervision; Validation; Writing – review & editing. Khairi Budayawan: Validation; Writing – review & editing. Delvi Asmara: Validation; Writing – review & editing. Dean Collin Langeveldt: Writing – review & editing. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the staff of SMKN 2 Guguak in Ampang Gadang, Guguak District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra, for their cooperation during the system requirements analysis and for providing information about the school's operational context. The authors are also grateful to the Department of Informatics Engineering Education, Universitas Negeri Padang, for the academic support provided throughout this research.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 16Ethics Approval
This study was conducted as an undergraduate software development and formative usability project at SMKN 2 Guguak with formal authorization from the school and the Principal's approval. The study involved no clinical or therapeutic intervention, used trial data only, and did not access or process real student counseling records or identifiable sensitive case information.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 16Informed Consent
Participation was voluntary, and all participants were informed of the purpose and procedures of the evaluation before taking part. The school-based evaluation was conducted with written authorization from SMKN 2 Guguak and approval from the Principal. Verbal informed consent was obtained from each participant. For student participants who were minors, written parental or guardian consent was obtained, along with the students’ voluntary agreement to participate. The evaluation used trial data only and did not involve real counseling records or identifiable sensitive case information. All names, telephone numbers, addresses, and other personal details shown in the manuscript figures are fictitious.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 16Financiación
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-forprofit sectors. It was conducted as part of the first author's undergraduate thesis at Universitas Negeri Padang.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 17Disponibilidad de Datos
Aggregated functional-testing and UAT results are reported in the manuscript and appendices. Additional de-identified supporting records may be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, subject to institutional and confidentiality requirements.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 17Conflictos de Intereses
The authors declare that there are no competing interests related to this article.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 17Generative AI Disclosure
During manuscript preparation and revision, the authors used generative AI tools, including ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini, solely to edit language and improve clarity. These tools were not used to generate, fabricate, or modify empirical data, analyses, or reported results. The authors reviewed and verified all AI-assisted content against the original research records and cited sources. They take full responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and final content of the manuscript. Preprint and Prior Dissemination This article is derived from the first author's undergraduate thesis and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 17Citas
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2026 Welly Aryatama, Syukhri, Khairi Budayawan, Delvi Asmara, Dean Collin Langeveldt