Sustainable Development Goals
This article contributes to the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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La gestión de los residuos municipales en muchos ayuntamientos se ve a menudo limitada por registros fragmentados, prácticas de presentación de informes inconexas y una trazabilidad limitada entre las distintas unidades organizativas. Este estudio examina cómo los procesos administrativos fragmentados pueden integrarse en un flujo de trabajo digital centralizado, regido por roles y auditable, y evalúa su funcionalidad y la usabilidad percibida. Se llevó a cabo un caso de diseño y evaluación en un único emplazamiento en la Oficina de Medio Ambiente de la regencia de Padang Pariaman (Indonesia), que abarcó las actividades de gestión de residuos en 17 subdistritos. SIPEDAS integra registros operativos, datos maestros, elaboración de informes, control de acceso basado en roles y registro de actividades a través de una API RESTful de Laravel, una interfaz React/TypeScript y una base de datos MySQL centralizada. La evaluación combinó 25 escenarios de «caja negra» derivados de los requisitos con la Escala de Usabilidad del Sistema (SUS). Los 25 escenarios de pruebas funcionales ejecutados cumplieron sus criterios de aceptación predefinidos. Diez registros completos de la SUS a nivel de participante arrojaron una puntuación media de 68,25 (DE = 11,37; mediana = 71,25; rango = 50-80), cercana al valor de referencia ampliamente citado, pero con una variación sustancial entre los participantes. Los registros incompletos sobre la obtención de requisitos, la independencia de los evaluadores y la administración de la SUS limitan la reproducibilidad y la interpretación de las diferencias entre los encuestados. Los resultados respaldan a SIPEDAS como base funcional para una gestión trazable de los datos de residuos, pero no garantizan la ausencia de defectos, el aumento de la eficiencia organizativa ni la seguridad, fiabilidad y rendimiento verificados. Su principal contribución es un enfoque para vincular los requisitos con las pruebas de evaluación que distingue entre los controles implementados, la conformidad funcional alcanzada, la usabilidad percibida, el uso real y los resultados organizativos.
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Author Contributions
Wulan Ainiyyah Puteri: Conceptualization; Methodology; Software; Investigation; Writing – Original Draft. Syafrijon: Data Curation; Writing – Review & Editing; Supervision. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the management and operational staff of the Environmental Office (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup) of Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra, for their cooperation and provision of operational context, as well as the Department of Electronics Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, for their academic support.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 16Financiación
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 16Conflictos de Intereses
The authors declare no competing interests.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 16Ethics Approval
The study involved non-invasive software evaluation and an adult professional-user usability questionnaire. Institutional operational permission from the Environmental Office of Padang Pariaman Regency and informed consent from participants were documented. However, the retained study record contains no formal ethics-committee approval, exemption, or waiver determination. Institutional operational permission is therefore not presented as equivalent to research-ethics review.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 16Informed Consent
Informed consent was obtained from all participants before completion of the usability questionnaire.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 16Disponibilidad de Datos
The data supporting the reported functional testing and usability results, together with system documentation and database schemas, are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, subject to institutional data-governance requirements.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 16Generative AI Disclosure
During manuscript preparation in July 2026, the authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI; GPT-5-series models) for language editing. All final wording was critically checked and revised by the human authors, who retain full responsibility for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the manuscript.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 16Citas
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2026 Wulan Ainiyyah Puteri, Syafrijon