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Abstract
Municipal waste administration in many local governments is often constrained by fragmented records, disconnected reporting practices, and limited traceability across organizational units. This study examines how fragmented administrative processes can be integrated into a centralized, role-governed, and auditable digital workflow and evaluates its functionality and perceived usability. A single-site design-and-evaluation case was conducted at the Environmental Office of Padang Pariaman Regency, Indonesia, involving waste-administration activities across 17 sub-districts. SIPEDAS integrates operational records, master data, reporting, role-based access control, and activity logging through a Laravel RESTful API, React/TypeScript interface, and centralized MySQL database. Evaluation combined 25 requirement-derived Black Box scenarios with the System Usability Scale (SUS). All 25 executed functional test scenarios met their predefined acceptance criteria. Ten complete participant-level SUS records yielded a mean score of 68.25 (SD = 11.37; median = 71.25; range = 50–80), close to the widely cited benchmark but with substantial variation among participants. Incomplete records of requirements elicitation, tester independence, and SUS administration limit reproducibility and the interpretation of differences among respondents. The findings support SIPEDAS as a functional foundation for traceable waste-data administration, but do not establish the absence of defects, organizational efficiency gains, or verified security, reliability, and performance. Its main contribution is an approach to linking requirements with evaluation evidence that distinguishes implemented controls, executed functional conformance, perceived usability, actual use, and organizational outcomes.
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Author Contributions
Wulan Ainiyyah Puteri: Conceptualization; Methodology; Software; Investigation; Writing – Original Draft. Syafrijon: Data Curation; Writing – Review & Editing; Supervision. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the management and operational staff of the Environmental Office (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup) of Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra, for their cooperation and provision of operational context, as well as the Department of Electronics Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, for their academic support.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 16Funding
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 16Competing Interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 16Ethics Approval
The study involved non-invasive software evaluation and an adult professional-user usability questionnaire. Institutional operational permission from the Environmental Office of Padang Pariaman Regency and informed consent from participants were documented. However, the retained study record contains no formal ethics-committee approval, exemption, or waiver determination. Institutional operational permission is therefore not presented as equivalent to research-ethics review.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 16Informed Consent
Informed consent was obtained from all participants before completion of the usability questionnaire.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 16Data Availability
The data supporting the reported functional testing and usability results, together with system documentation and database schemas, are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, subject to institutional data-governance requirements.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 16Generative AI Disclosure
During manuscript preparation in July 2026, the authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI; GPT-5-series models) for language editing. All final wording was critically checked and revised by the human authors, who retain full responsibility for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the manuscript.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 16References
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