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本研究旨在设计并开发一套基于Arduino Uno微控制器的自动化系统，用于控制照明和通风，以最大限度地减少因用户疏忽未关闭电子设备而造成的能源浪费。 该系统利用被动式红外接收器（PIR）传感器，检测房间内是否有人，并自动开启或关闭照明和风扇，从而实时优化能耗。 研究方法遵循研发（R&D）框架，包括四个阶段：（1）需求分析，以确定关键系统功能和组件规格；（2）系统设计，利用流程图和框图概述软硬件集成； (3) 硬件组装，涉及Arduino Uno、PIR传感器和继电器模块；(4) 功能测试，用于在实际环境中验证系统精度，特别是人体检测范围和能源效率。 结果表明，所提出的系统实现了8米的高精度检测范围，与现有封闭空间能源管理技术高度契合。 与采用其他微控制器或传感器的类似系统相比，基于Arduino Uno的方法提供了一种经济高效的解决方案，其检测可靠性相当且能减少能源浪费，适用于住宅和小型商业应用。 该系统能够持续降低用电量，凸显了其在节能举措中的实际应用价值，特别是在全球能源需求不断增长的背景下。本研究表明，采用 Arduino Uno 等易于获取的微控制器技术的自动化系统，可在节能自动化领域产生显著影响。
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