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La investigación sobre la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la educación se ha expandido a una velocidad sin precedentes, aunque su desarrollo sigue siendo fragmentado, impulsado por el bombo publicitario y distribuido de forma desigual entre disciplinas y regiones. Este artículo presenta uno de los mapeos más exhaustivos hasta la fecha, en el que se analizan 16 564 publicaciones (1990-2025) identificadas a través de Web of Science y seleccionadas hasta llegar a 4 626 contribuciones fundamentales mediante un método híbrido que combinaba el modelado computacional de temas, el filtrado asistido por IA y la validación humana. Para complementar este análisis a nivel macro, hemos llevado a cabo una revisión cualitativa de los artículos más citados en cada tema de investigación principal, lo que aporta una interpretación en profundidad sobre cómo los trabajos influyentes han dado forma a los debates sobre la adopción, la participación, la personalización, los chatbots, la evaluación, los riesgos, el seguimiento, las revisiones y la enseñanza de la IA. Los resultados revelan un crecimiento exponencial desde 2020, con importantes repuntes durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y tras el lanzamiento de ChatGPT, pero también una fragmentación persistente, un descenso de los estudios de evaluación y una saturación de las encuestas de actitud. Áreas prometedoras como la personalización, la enseñanza de la IA y la implicación han perdido visibilidad a pesar de su importancia a largo plazo, mientras que los riesgos y las cuestiones éticas siguen sin explorarse lo suficiente y están poco relacionadas con la investigación técnica. Los patrones de citas muestran, además, desequilibrios sistémicos, con artículos sobre educación citados de forma desproporcionada y trabajos de ingeniería infravalorados. Concluimos con una serie de recomendaciones para reforzar la interdisciplinariedad, abordar las áreas desatendidas, incluir perspectivas históricas y hacer frente a los retos sistémicos, con el fin de fomentar un campo más acumulativo, integrador y crítico.
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Author Contributions
Constance de Saint Laurent: Conceptualization; Methodology; Investigation; Data Collection; Data Curation; Writing – Original Draft Preparation. Vlad Glaveanu: Theoretical Framework Development; Writing – Review & Editing. Ioana Literat: Theoretical Framework Development; Writing – Review & Editing. Ingunn Ness: Theoretical Framework Development; Writing – Review & Editing. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Natalie Robinson for her help formatting the final version of the paper.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 22Ethics Approval
This study was conducted in accordance with ethical standards.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 22Informed Consent
The study did not involve collecting empirical data from human participants.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 22Financiación
The authors declare that this research did not receive specific funding from any public, commercial, or not-for-profit agencies.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 22Disponibilidad de Datos
The data supporting this study’s findings are not publicly available. Summary data are included in the manuscript, and more detailed information can be requested from the corresponding author under strict confidentiality agreements.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 22Conflictos de Intereses
The authors declare that they have no competing interests related to the content of this article.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 22Generative AI Disclosure
During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used AI (ChatGPT 4.0) to assist as part of the methodology of summarizing data, as explained in the manuscript. Whenever AI was used, the authors carefully reviewed and edited the content to ensure accuracy and integrity, and they take full responsibility for the published work.
View statement in PDF · PDF page 22Citas
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2026 Constance de Saint Laurent, Vlad Glaveanu, Ioana Literat, Ingunn Ness